Teaching aids are divided into three categories which consist of various types, namely:
- Non -electronic Teaching Aids
- Electronic Teaching Aids
- Experiential patterned materials and real materials
2.1 NON -ELECTRONIC TEACHING AIDS
- Non -electronic teaching aids are teaching aids that still use a blackboard or blackboard.
- It is usually used to record the contents of the lesson when teaching.
2.1.1 Textbooks
- Textbooks are teaching aids specially written by several authors and authors
- It is also widely used and is a major source of teaching and training.
2.1.2 Exhibition Board
- Exhibit boards are also known as bulletin boards and they are a productive teaching resource.
- Able to introduce new ideas, provide information, provide understanding, enrich vocabulary, stimulate discussion, create creativity, form attitudes and values and increase the retention of a student’s learning.
2.1.3 Vertical Files and Reading Materials
- Consists of printed materials that are non-book reading materials
- Examples are magazines, calendars, postcards, newspapers, pamphlets or bulletins, posters, charts, maps, scripted pictures and so on.
- Saved as a collection of files in the file cabinet.
- Able to add and diversify reading materials and reference sources in school resource centers or classrooms.
2.1.4 Figure
- Used to start lessons to interest students or if the actual material is difficult to bring into the classroom.
2.1.5 Scan Card or Merge Card
- Consists of words or phrases.
- Introduces new words and it is suitable for primary school level students.
2.1.6 Chart
- Systematic arrangement of information.
Contains letters, numbers, pictures, tables, diagrams, sketches, brief notes, phrases, symbols and drawings.
- Types of charts used in the classroom:
- Flip/latch chart
- Turning chart
- Flowchart
- Graph chart
- Pie chart
- Single chart
2.1.7 Graph
- Material drawn as a visual composition that can provide one or more visual descriptions.
- Able to improve teaching performance and understanding of lessons.
2.1.8 Teaching board
- Suitable for teaching in groups of about 25 students.
- Useful to show a picture of a lesson that has communicative power and can motivate students.
- Types of teaching boards
- Bulletin boards
- Signboard
- Flannel boards-plywood boards lined with flannel cloth
- White board
- Magnetic board
- Insert board
- Scroll board-can replace regular whiteboard
- Pocket board
- Pull wheel board
2.1.9 Model
- Substitute material that resembles the actual material.
- Three-dimensional material that represents the structure, shape or how something works:-
- Model type
- Scaled model – The rate of enlargement/reduction is different from the actual material.
- Cutting model – Cutting
- Imagination Model – A three -dimensional depiction of the journey of something can be made of paper, clay, cement, wood dust, styrofoam or plaster of Paris.
2.1.10 Dolls
- In the form of people, animals or plants.
- Used in teaching storytelling or dialogue.
- Made of cloth, cotton, clay and soaking paper.
2.2 ELECTRONIC TEACHING AIDS
- Electronic teaching aids are teaching aids that use electronics.
- It is usually used to record the contents of the lesson when teaching.
2.2.1 Overhead Projector (OHP)
- Used for briefing and teaching lecture methods.
- The effectiveness of transparency is greatly influenced by the amount and quality of information loaded into it. (Concise, interesting and meaningful).
2.2.2 Transparency
Advantages of using transparency:
- Can be provided in the form of colors to give emphasis and attention.
- Provide comfort during delivery especially if the transparency is provided early.
- Can be used repeatedly and delivery is more systematic.
Transparency is also clean compared to chalk boards.
2.2.3 Slide Tape (Slide Film)
- Slide Film-A type of motionless media that is a kind of small-sized positive transparency.
- Very often used in science teaching especially in Biology teaching.
- Able to attract students.
- Able to describe real situations and bring outdoor situations into the classroom.
- The content of the presentation is neat and organized and can be used repeatedly, changed and added.
2.2.4 Radio
- For language teaching.
- Educational radio broadcasts that follow the syllabus can be used.
2.2.5 Televisions and VCRs
- Can encourage students to use their senses of sight and hearing.
- Able to modernize the approach of teachers in the process of teaching and learning more effectively.
2.2.3 Slide Tape (Slide Film)
- Slide Film-A type of motionless media that is a kind of small-sized positive transparency.
- Very often used in science teaching especially in Biology teaching.
- Able to attract students.
- Able to describe real situations and bring outdoor situations into the classroom.
- The content of the presentation is neat and organized and can be used repeatedly, changed and added.
2.2.4 Radio
- For language teaching.
- Educational radio broadcasts that follow the syllabus can be used.
2.2.5 Televisions and VCRs
- Can encourage students to use their senses of sight and hearing.
- Able to modernize the approach of teachers in the process of teaching and learning more effectively.
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